diff --git a/.github/workflows/changelog.yml b/.github/workflows/changelog.yml
index 50e91510..ee981191 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/changelog.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/changelog.yml
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ on:
     branches:
       - develop
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   changelog:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml b/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
index 39901ce8..6e5f0122 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
@@ -11,8 +11,14 @@ on:
     paths:
       - "**/*.go"
       - ".github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml"
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   lint:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read  # for actions/checkout to fetch code
+      pull-requests: read  # for golangci/golangci-lint-action to fetch pull requests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout codebase
diff --git a/.github/workflows/stale.yml b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
index da76104e..9d19affc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@ on:
   schedule:
     - cron: "30 1 * * *"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   stale:
 
+    permissions:
+      issues: write  # for actions/stale to close stale issues
+      pull-requests: write  # for actions/stale to close stale PRs
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 98331e8a..c9d4cc70 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ on:
       - "go.sum"
       - ".github/workflows/test.yml"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   test:
     strategy: